Article 27.- The right to change family and given names

1. Individuals shall have the right to request competent state agencies to recognize the change of their family and/or given names in the following cases:

a/ Where it is so requested by the person who has a family or given name the use of which causes confusion or affects the feelings of his/her family, the honor, legitimate rights and interests of such person;

b/ Where an adoptive father or mother requests to change the family and/or given name of an adopted child or when an adopted child ceases to be an adopted child and he/she or his/her biological father or mother requests to reclaim the family and/or given name which was given to him/her by the biological father or mother;

c/ Where it is so requested by the biological father or mother or the child when identifying the father and/or mother of the child;

d/ Where there is a change of the family name of a child from that of the father to that of the mother or vice versa;

e/ Where there is a change of the family name and/or given name of a person who was lost from his/her childhood and has discovered the origin of his/her bloodline;

f/ Where there is a change of the family name and/or given name of a person whose gender has been re-determined;

g/ Other cases specified by law on civil status.

2. The change of the family name and/or given name of a person who is full nine years or older must be consented by that person.

3. The change of the family name and/or given name of an individual shall neither change nor terminate the civil rights and obligations which have been established under the former family name and/or given name.

Article 28.- The right to determine ethnicity

1. An individual upon his/her birth may have his/her ethnicity determined in accordance with the ethnicity of his/her biological mother and father. In cases where the biological father and mother belong to two different ethnicities, the ethnicity of the child shall be determined as the ethnicity of the father or the ethnicity of the mother in accordance with practices or in accordance with the agreement of the biological father and mother.

2. A person who has attained adulthood, the biological father and mother or guardian of a minor may request competent state agencies to re-determine his/her ethnicity in the following cases:

a/ To re-determine his/her ethnicity in accordance with the ethnicity of the biological father or mother, if the father and mother belong to two different ethnicities;

b/ To re-determine his/her ethnicity in accordance with the ethnicity of his/her biological father and/or mother in circumstances where he/she is the adopted child of a person belonging to a different ethnicity and has had his/her ethnicity determined in accordance with the ethnicity of his/her adoptive father and/or mother due to the unidentification of his/her biological father and/or mother.

3. Where the biological father or mother or the guardian of a minor requests the re-determination of the ethnicity of a minor who is full fifteen years or older under the provisions of Clause 2 of this Article, the consent of such minor is required.

Article 29.- The right to registration of birth

Individuals, when born, shall have the right to have their births registered.

Article 30.- The right to registration of death

1. When a person dies, his/her next of kin, the house owner or the agency or organization to which the dead person belonged must register the death of such person.

2. If a newborn infant dies after birth, the infant's birth and death must be registered; if the infant dies before or immediately upon birth, the infant's birth and death must not be registered.

Article 31.- The right of an individual with respect to his/her picture

1. An individual shall have the right with respect to his/her picture.

2. The use of a picture of an individual must have his/her consent; where such person has died, lost his/her civil act capacity or is under full fifteen years old, the consent of his/her father, mother, husband, wife, adult children or representative is required, unless it is for State interests, public interests or otherwise provided for by law.

3. It is strictly forbidden to use pictures of other persons to infringe upon their honor, dignity and/or prestige.

Article 32.- The right to safety of life, health and body

1. Individuals shall shave have the right to safety of life, health and body.

2. When a person discovers another person who has got an accident or is sick whereby his/her life is threatened, the person who discovers him/her shall have the responsibility to deliver such person to a medical establishment; the medical establishment must not refuse to provide treatment to the person and shall have to utilize all available means and capabilities to cure him/her.

3. The application of new curative methods on the body of a person and the anesthetization, surgery, amputation, implantation and grafting of body organs must have his/her consent; if the person is a minor, has lost the civil act capacity or is an unconscious patient, the consent of his/her father, mother, guardian or next of kin is required; in cases where there is a threat to the life of a patient which cannot wait for the opinions of the above-said persons, a decision of the head of the medical establishment is required.

4. A post-mortem operation shall be performed in the following cases:

a/ Where it is so consented by the decedent before his/her death;

b/ Where it is so consented by the decedent's father, mother, wife, husband, adult children or guardian when there is no opinion of the decedent before he/she dies;

c/ Where it is so decided by a competent medical organization or a competent state agency in case of necessity.

Article 33.- The right to donation of body organs

Individuals shall have the right to donate their body organs for the purpose of medical treatment of other persons or scientific research.

The donation and use of body organs shall comply with the provisions of law.

Article 34.- The right to donation of corpses, body organs after death

Individuals shall have the right to donate their corpses, body organs after they die for the purpose of medical treatment of other persons or scientific research.

The donation and use of corpses, body organs of dead persons shall comply with the provisions of law.

Article 35.- The right to receive body organs

Individuals shall have the right to receive body organs of other persons for their medical treatment.

It is strictly forbidden to receive and use body organs of other persons for commercial purposes.

Article 36.- The right to re-determination of gender

Individuals shall have the right to the re-determination of their gender.

The re-determination of gender of a person shall be performed in cases where his/her gender is affected with inborn defects or has not been properly shaped, which needs the medical intervention to clearly determine the gender.

The re-determination of gender shall comply with the provisions of law.

Article 37.- The right to protection of honor, dignity and prestige

Individuals' honor, dignity and prestige shall be respected and protected by law.

Article 38.- The right to personal secrets

1. An individual's rights to personal secrets shall be respected and protected by law.

2. The collection and publication of information and materials on the private life of an individual must be consented by that person; in cases where that person has died, lost his civil act capacity or is under full fifteen years, the consent of his/her father, mother, wife, husband, adult children or representative is required, except for cases where the collection and publication of information and materials are made by decision of a competent agency or organization.

3. Letters, telephones, telegrams, other forms of electronic information of individuals shall be safely and confidentially guaranteed.

The inspection of an individual's letters, telephones, telegrams and/or other forms of electronic information may be performed only in cases where it is so provided for by law and decided by competent state agencies.